The Buddhist education system, which emerged in India during the 6th century BCE, represents one of the most influential educational traditions in human history. Developed as an alternative to the rigid and exclusive Brahmanical system, it promoted equality, moral development, wisdom, and spiritual enlightenment. This study aims to explore the pedagogical foundations of the Buddhist education system and examine its relevance to contemporary education. Employing the historical method, the study relies on secondary sources such as books, journal articles, and scholarly literature. The findings reveal that Buddhist education was imparted mainly through monasteries (Viharas) and renowned institutions such as Nalanda, Vikramashila, and Takshashila. Its curriculum integrated both religious and secular subjects, including philosophy, logic, languages, mathematics, astronomy, meditation, and moral training. The system emphasized learner-centered pedagogies such as lectures, discussions, debates, question-answer methods, observation, memorization, and meditation. Strong disciplinary practices, close teacher-student relationships, and character formation were integral components of the educational process. The study further highlights the continuing relevance of Buddhist educational principles in modern education. Values such as ethical conduct, holistic personality development, equality in education, critical thinking, mindfulness, and environmental consciousness align closely with contemporary educational goals. The paper concludes that the integration of Buddhist educational ideals can contribute significantly to the development of a balanced, inclusive, and value-oriented education system capable of addressing present-day educational challenges.
Dr. Ratul Das (Thu,) studied this question.