Title: Spacetime Substantivalism 45: The Nature of Time Confirmed by Gravitational Waves: The Substantial Construction of Spacetime and the Restoration of Ether Time, with a Concurrent Discussion on the Essence of Entropy Abstract Modern physics has fallen into a prolonged paradigm crisis regarding the nature of time—oscillating between Newton's absolute intuition, Einstein's geometric misinterpretation, quantum mechanics' mathematical evasion, and thermodynamics' pessimistic entropy doctrine. The detection of gravitational waves irrevocably terminates the century-old dogma of spacetime as a void background. Gravitational waves exhibit constant propagation velocity, distinct quadrupole characteristics, and unambiguous energy transmission, irrefutably demonstrating that the spacetime medium possesses electromagnetic rigidity, structural uniformity, and substantial material properties. The cosmic infrastructure is not an abstract geometric manifold but a substantial, high-precision logical matrix. This paper establishes that four-dimensional spacetime is essentially a substantial engineering system constructed from Planck-scale lattice units according to the construction law Lₛ = Cₛ Tₛ. We demonstrate that time is neither an illusion nor a fourth dimension in the geometric sense, but rather the eternal stepping frequency of the underlying ether protocol. The universe does not run in time; it is the logical stepping of time. Entropy is not the increase of disorder but the progressive, orderly revelation of logical protocols across the substantial lattice—a process from order toward deeper order, toward complete structural manifestation. 时空实体论 45: 引力波所确认的时间本性——时空的物质性建造与以太时间的恢复, 兼论熵的本质 摘要: 现代物理学在时间本质问题上陷入了长期的范式危机——在牛顿的绝对直觉、爱因斯坦的几何误读、量子力学的数学逃避以及热力学的悲观熵论之间徘徊。引力波的探测不可逆转地终结了将时空视为虚无背景的百年教条。引力波展现出的恒定传播速度、独特的四极矩特征以及明确的能量传输, 无可辩驳地证明了时空介质具有电磁刚性、结构均匀性及物质实体属性。宇宙的基础设施并非抽象的几何流形, 而是一个高精度的物质性逻辑矩阵。本文确立了四维时空本质上是一个依据构建律 Lₛ = Cₛ Tₛ 由普朗克尺度晶格单元构成的物质性工程系统。我们论证了时间既非幻觉, 也非几何意义上的第四维度, 而是底层以太协议永恒的步进频率。宇宙并非运行于时间之中, 宇宙本身即是时间的逻辑步进。熵并非无序的增加, 而是逻辑协议在实体晶格上渐进的、有序的揭示——这是一个从有序走向更深层有序, 直至完全结构性显现的过程。
Hugang Cui (Mon,) studied this question.