Previous studies have shown a positive association between periodontitis and diabetes mellitus. However, there is a lack of comprehensive data regarding their combined effect on Periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), serum Interleukin-12 and Interleukin-18. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess PISA, along with serum IL-12 and IL-18 levels, in individuals diagnosed with Stage III Periodontitis, both with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 79 participants categorized into: Group I comprising 19 periodontally healthy individuals while Groups II and III included 30 patients each with stage III periodontitis without and with T2DM, respectively. Clinical assessments of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) were performed alongside evaluation of serum IL-12 and IL-18 using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, blood investigations included fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial glucose, and HbA1c levels were recorded. Patients in Group II and III demonstrated elevated values for all clinical measurements with significant differences between mean PISA values in Group II (254.21 ± 229.21 mm 2 ) and Group III (401.93 ± 517.61 mm 2 ). Additionally, serum IL-12 and IL-18 were found to be comparatively higher in Group III than in Group II. The findings suggest significantly elevated PISA values for Group III patients and greater severity of periodontal disease as compared to the others. Further research is necessary to better understand the interplay between periodontitis and T2DM, particularly focusing on inflammatory biomarkers and PISA. The trial was registered with the Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI/2023/06/053653) on 08/06/2023.
Mangrolia et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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