Social Movement of the Population in the Bukhara Emirate at the Beginning of the 20th Century and Changes Related to the Political Situation

This article analyzes the social movement of the population in the Bukhara Emirate at the beginning of the 20th century and the changes that occurred under the influence of the political situation of that period. The study examines the movement of different social groups, including peasants, artisans, merchants, students, religious scholars and reform-minded intellectuals. Special attention is paid to the influence of economic difficulties, taxation, land relations, urban development, trade contacts, Russian imperial pressure and the Jadid reform movement on the social activity of the population. The article shows that social movement in the Bukhara Emirate was not limited only to territorial relocation, but also included changes in occupation, education, worldview, cultural orientation and political consciousness.