What question did this study set out to answer?

The study explores how per-person living space and occupancy density affect housing and residential satisfaction.

June 13, 2026Open Access

Dimensions of housing – Influence of per-person living space and occupancy density on housing satisfaction and residential satisfaction: A scoping review

Key Points

The study explores how per-person living space and occupancy density affect housing and residential satisfaction.
Conducted as a scoping review using a systematic literature search.
Included 18 studies statistically examining the relationship between living space and satisfaction.
Data extraction followed a standardized, iterative procedure with regression analyses.
Found a predominantly positive correlation between living space per person and housing satisfaction.
Noted considerable variation in how studies measured and analyzed satisfaction.
Highlighted the relevance of living space and density as predictors of satisfaction, but emphasized the need for standardized measures.

Abstract

Introduction Satisfaction with the living environment is shaped by cultural and contextual factors. While “adequate space” is normatively and politically defined, the link between living space, occupancy density, and subjective satisfaction is often assumed but rarely systematically studied. Considering climate goals and rising living space per capita, this relationship is increasingly relevant. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between per-person living space (measured in square meters or in number of bedrooms) and housing or residential satisfaction, and to identify influencing or moderating factors. Method The study was conducted as a scoping review. A systematic literature search identified empirical studies on the general population that statistically examined this relationship. Institutional housing (e.g., care homes, student residences) was excluded. Data extraction followed a standardized, iterative procedure. Results 18 studies were included, some with subgroup analyses, resulting in 26 entries. Most studies used standardized primary data; others analyzed large household surveys. Satisfaction (dependent variable) was measured using Likert scales. Living space per person, persons per bedroom, or number of bedrooms served as explanatory variables, alongside individual, housing-, and neighborhood-related factors. Analyses were conducted using regression models. Discussion A predominantly positive correlation was found between living space/bedrooms per person and satisfaction. However, the results showed context-specific variation and considerable heterogeneity in concepts, measurement tools, and modeling approaches. Conclusions Per-person living space and occupancy density are relevant, though not exclusive, predictors of satisfaction. The findings highlight the need for clearer definitions, consistent indicators, and standardized measurement to enhance cross-study comparability.

Read Full Paperexternally

Ask AI

Mark Helpful

Bookmark

Relay

View Full Paper