A dataset of a whole network to investigate healthy and unhealthy behaviors in an Italian Community

Introduction The data protocol presented here stems from a study investigating the role of social networks in shaping health-risk behaviors in a small Lombard municipality (Italy) characterized by typical sociodemographic features. Methods A quantitative survey was conducted on all residents aged 18–75, complemented by detailed mapping of intra- and extra-community social ties. Data collection employed structured questionnaires covering sociodemographics, health-risk behaviors, and social relationships, ensuring high data reliability as confirmed by comparison with official ISTAT statistics. Face-to-face interviews, combined with careful ethical procedures and respondent incentives, facilitated participation and minimized bias. Results The research achieved 578 interviews, representing a 66.3% response rate among eligible residents. Discussion The study demonstrates the feasibility of reconstructing comprehensive social networks in small communities, providing a robust empirical contribution for analyzing the clustering and transmission of health-risk behaviors. The data collected could offer valuable insights for targeted public health interventions aimed at improving health outcomes and reducing inequalities.