This paper presents a systematic reinterpretation and calculation of six fundamental physical constants based on the time effect theory 1, 2. The time effect theory proposes that time is not an a priori physical dimension of the universe, but an effect derived from the motion of matter. The time effect is the sum total of the manifestations of all forces and, simultaneously, the result of the combined action of all forces, thereby forming a dual-cycle closed loop — effect generates force, force generates effect. Based on this, the paper proceeds from the postulates and theorems of the theory to derive, one by one, the physical meaning and mathematical expression of each constant within the theoretical framework. Planck's constant h is derived as the coupling coefficient of the dual-cycle oscillation branch. The gravitational constant G is derived as the coupling strength of the dual-cycle mass branch. The vacuum permittivity ₀ is derived as the coupling strength of the dual-cycle charge branch, sharing a common underlying mechanism with G. Boltzmann's constant k is derived as the dual-cycle effect-temperature scaling coefficient. The Hubble constant H₀ is derived as the spatial measure of the current iteration rate of the dual cycle. The fine-structure constant is expressed as a dimensionless combination of the mass ratios of electroweak-scale particles. Based on the linking number ratio 8: 9: 12 from the matter mutual-winding theory 3, the theoretical value is 0. 0340, deviating from the experimental value by a factor of approximately 4. 66. This paper further reveals deep correlations among the constants: G and ₀ are the coupling strengths of the same dual cycle on the mass and charge branches, respectively; a quantitative relationship exists between and the linking number ratios of electroweak-scale particles; and H₀ is directly related to the dual-cycle iteration rate. This paper emphasizes that the above reinterpretations of the constants are internally self-consistent within the theory and compatible with known physics, but the precise numerical values of the constants have not yet been fully derived from first principles, and this work constitutes a groundbreaking attempt. (Note on AI-Assisted Computation Certain mathematical derivations and physical calculations in this paper were performed by an AI tool (large language model) based on the theoretical framework and postulate system provided by the author. Specifically, the AI tool contributed to: formula derivation, equation solving, integral evaluation, series summation, and recalculation verification of established quantum mechanical results. All physical insights, core assumptions, logical premises, and the theoretical framework itself were independently developed by the author. The AI tool served solely as an auxiliary instrument for mathematical derivation and computational verification, comparable in role to symbolic computation software or numerical tools routinely employed by researchers. The author has reviewed every derived result for physical plausibility, consistency with known experimental data, and logical coherence, and assumes full responsibility for all conclusions. This statement is provided in the interest of academic transparency, while clearly distinguishing between the originality of ideas and the auxiliary role of computation. )
Yanlei Liu (Sat,) studied this question.