Manifesto in Brazilian Performance Only Cannibalism Unites UsNo single piece of writing has been more influential for Brazilian performance than Oswald de Andrade's 1928 Anthropophagic Manifesto. 1 Published in the first edition of the Revista de Antropofagia (Anthropophagy Magazine; Andrade 1928), the manifesto's imagined audience was as much the artists and intellectuals of the prominent São Paulo Modernismo avant-garde as those in the Parisian scene, where Andrade and other modernistas visited frequently, and from which they drew many of their conceptual references. 2 As was the case for many such -isms surfacing throughout Europe, the broader context of Brazilian Modernismo was the crisis of the liberal era in the aftermath of World War I. Yet, as Brazilian theater scholar Sérgio de Carvalho argues, this was also the first time a Brazilian artistic movement claimed that "new social content could only be represented by new forms, forms that were not availa-1 Andrade chose the more erudite Greek-derived antropófago (anthropophagous) over the more common canibal (cannibal).In Brazil, the artistic and literary movement inspired by the manifesto is usually referred to as antropofagia, though it is not uncommon to see references to canibalismo or even canibalismo cultural (cultural cannibalism).In English, the manifesto has sometimes been translated as "Cannibalist Manifesto, " (Andrade 1991) and sometimes as "Anthropophagic Manifesto" (Andrade 2014).Throughout the essay, I use the terms interchangeably.
Marcos Davi Silva Steuernagel (Fri,) studied this question.