Molecular Detection of Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, and Circovirus and Their Associated Histopathological Lesions in the Pigeons of Mashhad, Iran

Pigeon racing is a popular sport where trained pigeons compete against each other in flying competitions. Furthermore, pigeons serve as laboratory specimens for scientific research and experiments. Additionally, many people keep pigeons as companion animals, enjoying their company and unique characteristics. The pigeon holds a significant cultural and religious significance, particularly in Islam. Like many other animals, pigeons can be affected by various pathogens, including viruses. This study focuses on three crucial viruses in pigeons: Pigeon Adenovirus, Pigeon Circovirus, and Pigeon Herpesvirus. To detect these viruses in pigeons, the researchers utilized a method called polymerase chain reaction (PCR). They collected liver samples from deceased pigeons referred to the veterinary hospital of Ferdowsi University in Mashhad, Iran. The researchers detected the DNA from the samples and prepared histopathological slides following specific protocols. This study confirmed the presence of adenovirus in 15.5% of the pigeons, circovirus in 100%, and herpesvirus in 22.5% of the studied pigeons. Additionally, histopathological examination was conducted on 43% of the samples, revealing that only one sample (3.3%) exhibited typical inclusion bodies. However, nearly all the samples showed varying degrees of pathological changes, including congestion, hemorrhage, and necrosis. The present study is one of the few works done on 3 important viruses involving pigeons, in Iran; and it is necessary to pay special attention to its results and carry out additional works. Detecting 100% of the livers of sick pigeons as infected with circovirus can also be a significant result because other manuscripts have not reported such severe contamination.