Binary asteroids provide key access to fundamental parameters of Solar System remnants and planetary formations. However, the current knowledge of binary asteroids remains strongly biased by observational limitations, and main belt binary systems are still poorly characterised since current techniques preferentially detect either widely separated binaries through direct imaging or close and bright systems via photometry and radar for near-Earth asteroids. In this context, the high-precision astrometry of the Gaia mission has revealed a new population of candidate binaries exhibiting dynamical signatures consistent with unresolved companions. Stellar occultations have therefore emerged as one of the most effective methods to confirm the binary nature of a candidate and improve the current census of intermediate-size systems. This work is part of the GaiaMoons program, and our aim with it was to characterise a sample of 357 potential binary asteroid targets and confirm or refute their binary nature. The properties of these candidates were derived from the high-precision photometric and astrometric observations provided by the Gaia satellite. We adopted stellar occultation as the observational method to study these targets. Between October 2023 and February 2026, we successfully carried out 165 observations for 101 targets. We subsequently analysed these events in the context of the available literature and previously reported observations. Out of the 165 observations, 76 led at least to one positive observation. Among these, 33 had at least two positives for 24 objects that have undergone unprecedented occultation observation campaigns, with four objects showing indications of binary or contact binary features, namely (1127) Mimi, (35420) 1998 AG₆, (206) Hersilia, and (36882) 2000 SW₁55. For the vast majority of these objects, the resulting dataset from all reduced observations provides unique physical and astrometric constraints, as they had never been observed through stellar occultations before. In addition, 89 observations with only negatives allowed the near environment of the targets to be probed. GaiaMoons illustrates how stellar occultation campaigns associated with Gaia observations generate a self-improving cycle to find new binary, thereby probing size and shape to constrain future observations. By standardising this approach, we deliver critical data in unexplored parameter spaces, resolving long-standing observational ambiguities.
Lallemand et al. (Fri,) studied this question.