The growing global demand for sustainable and efficient energy systems has accelerated advancements in solar cell technologies. This review presents a systematic and quantitative analysis of recent developments in solar cells enabled by nanotechnology. A PRISMA-based methodology is adopted to ensure transparency and reproducibility in literature selection. Key nanomaterials such as perovskites, quantum dots, graphene, and carbon nanotubes are critically evaluated based on power conversion efficiency (PCE), stability, cost, and environmental impact. Additionally, nano-enhanced thermal systems including photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) systems, nanofluids, and phase change materials (PCM) are analyzed using thermodynamic principles. The review highlights major challenges such as degradation mechanisms, scalability, and toxicity while proposing a future research roadmap focused on stability engineering and sustainable material design.
Mondal et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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