The rising demand for sustainable energy consumption has intensified the need for intelligent residential energy monitoring systems. This paper presents the design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled smart plug aimed at real-time monitoring and control of household appliances. The system integrates a high-performance ESP-12 F microcontroller, precision voltage (ZMPT101B) and current (CT-406) sensors, and a high-resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADS1115) for accurate data acquisition. Data is processed and visualized through a responsive web-based monitoring platform (locally hosted and cloud-deployable), enabling users to monitor consumption patterns and remotely control connected appliances. Experimental results indicate a voltage measurement accuracy of 99.48% and current accuracy of 90.52%, demonstrating the system’s reliability and effectiveness. The developed IoT-enabled smart plug provides a scalable and cost-effective solution for intelligent energy management in residential environments, with significant potential to support broader smart grid and energy conservation initiatives.
Yeboah et al. (Mon,) studied this question.