Persistent EarthCARE underflight studies of the ITCZ and organized convection (PERCUSION): contribution to EarthCARE validation

Abstract. In May 2024, the Earth Cloud, Aerosol and Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE) satellite was launched. For the first time a satellite payload combines two active instruments, i.e., the Atmospheric Lidar and the Cloud Profiling Radar, together with two passive instruments, a multi-spectral imager and a broad-band radiometer, on one single spacecraft platform. EarthCARE is thus the most complex satellite mission to date for collocated aerosol, cloud, radiation and precipitation measurements. To utilize the data collected by the EarthCARE mission to its full extent and to support and quantify the data quality and measurement uncertainty, careful and holistic validation activities are needed. For this purpose, we set up an airborne instrument payload on the German High Altitude and LOng-range research aircraft (HALO), which is similar to the EarthCARE instrumentation. We used this payload during an extensive measurement campaign in summer and fall 2024 in the tropic and mid- to high-latitudes to validate the EarthCARE measurements and data products early in its commissioning phase. Here we aim to give a detailed overview of the PERCUSION (Persistent Earth CARE underflight studies of the ITCZ and organized convection) mission, and to advertise the use of its data in future more detailed validation studies. We give examples of how to use PERCUSION data to approach the validation of all four instruments of EarthCARE as well as of higher level (i.e. multi-sensor) products, and give first confidence in the quality of EarthCARE data.