What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to establish a new cosmological framework that explains the origin of the universe without invoking dark matter or dark energy.

June 18, 2026Open Access

The Origin of the Universe: Bilobular Collision Model (Extended Version 4.0). Without Singularity, Inflation, Dark Matter, or Dark Energy.

Key Points

This research aims to establish a new cosmological framework that explains the origin of the universe without invoking dark matter or dark energy.
Developed the Bilobular Collision Model with quantitative and falsifiable predictions.
Introduced mechanisms including shear instability in quark-gluon plasma and cosmic dynamos generated from rotating plasma.
Conducted cross-validation with multiple AI systems for the proposed cosmological predictions.
Provided eight testable predictions regarding cosmic structure and black hole formation with confidence levels.
Explained significant anomalies in standard cosmology, including Hubble tension and observations of high-redshift galaxies.
Demonstrated cosmic structure through cylindrical symmetry rather than traditional spherical models, relying on gravitational interactions.

Abstract

The authors welcome correspondence from researchers interested in peer review, collaborative validation, or arXiv endorsement in the fields of cosmology, astrophysics, or theoretical physics. founder@humansp. org. Concise version: https: //doi. org/10. 5281/zenodo. 20487411 Version 5 introduces Appendix F. 10, which develops the Kelvin-Helmholtz shear instability mechanism in the post-collision quark-gluon plasma as the physical origin of proto-galactic vortices — analogous to the counter-rotating eddies generated by an oar in water or the organized spiral structure of a hurricane around its eye. This section explains the formation of primordial black holes at galactic centers as UMBH collision fragments migrating to vortex centers within ~10, 000 years (resolving the JWST z > 10 SMBH anomaly without seed accretion), derives primordial magnetic fields from rotating charged plasma vortices acting as cosmic dynamos, and proposes a centrifuge mechanism that offers a physical explanation for the observed Lithium-7 depletion relative to standard nucleosynthesis predictions. A confidence-level table with explicit falsification criteria is provided for all eight vortex mechanism predictions. Note on Appendix F (Version 4): This version introduces a substantially expanded Appendix F, developed in collaboration with multiple AI systems as cross-validation partners. The appendix now includes six new sections covering the complete precollision cycle that explains the origin of the two UMBHs through hierarchical galactic mergers over ~150 billion years of the previous cycle; the kinetic atomization mechanism quantifying why the collision pulverizes rather than fuses (|Eₖin/Egrav| ≈ 2. 44) ; the vinyl-disk mechanism providing flat galaxy rotation curves without dark matter; and two consequences not addressed in prior versions: the rotational inheritance cascade tracing angular momentum conservation from the collision at 0. 99c down to the Earth’s orbital velocity of 29. 8 km/s, and the matter-antimatter asymmetry resolved through cyclic inheritance rather than baryogenesis. All mechanisms are supported by quantitative derivations, eight comparative tables, and references to recent observational work including JWST high-z galaxy metallicity measurements (Curti et al. 2023; Nakajima et al. 2023) and ALMA protoplanetary disk surveys (Paneque-Carreño et al. 2023). This new version 3. 0, incorporates Appendix E: Mathematical Formalization of the Bilobular Collision Model, which transforms the BCM’s conceptual framework into a quantitative and falsifiable cosmological theory. The appendix develops the Bianchi Type I metric as the spacetime geometry, the relativistic collision dynamics, the anisotropic Hubble law H (θ) = H₀1 + α cos²θ as a natural explanation for the Hubble Tension, the reinterpretation of dark matter as a black hole population and dark energy as a geometric artifact, the ~200 Gyr cosmological cycle with entropic balance, and six quantitative falsifiable observational predictions testable with JWST, DESI, Euclid, the Roman Telescope, and LISA within the next 2 to 15 years. The entire framework rests exclusively on established physics, introducing no undetected exotic entities. Spanish version: https: //doi. org/10. 5281/zenodo. 20096047 - https: //doi. org/10. 5281/zenodo. 18832782 As a fundamental extension of the concepts presented herein, we highly recommend consulting the study on galaxy rejuvenation, available at: https: //doi. org/10. 5281/zenodo. 19415813. This subsequent work delves deeper into the practical implications of the current model. We present a comprehensive alternative to ΛCDM cosmology based on the collision of two ultra-massive black holes (~0. 4 Mₒbs each) at relativistic velocity (v ≈ 0. 99c) approximately 13. 8 billion years ago. This Bilobular Collision Model eliminates the need for dark matter particles, dark energy fields, and cosmic inflation while naturally explaining seven major anomalies in standard cosmology: (1) JWST observations of massive, mature galaxies at z > 10; (2) the "Axis of Evil" alignment in CMB multipoles; (3) Hubble tension in expansion rate measurements; (4) universal rotation signals in galaxy spin distributions; (5) apparent "acceleration" of expansion without dark energy; (6) large-scale structures exceeding theoretical limits (Big Ring, Giant Arc) ; and (7) correlation between multiple directional anomalies pointing to RA ~170-180°, Dec ~-10°. The model proposes that the observable universe represents the "blast zone" of a single collision event in an eternal, infinite Universe, creating a toroidal (bilobular) expansion rather than spherically symmetric expansion. Matter distribution exhibits cylindrical symmetry around the collision axis, with dark matter consisting of black holes (stellar to intermediate mass) rather than exotic particles, and apparent "dark energy" arising as a geometric artifact when spherical models are incorrectly applied to bilobular data. We present ten falsifiable predictions testable within 5-10 years using current or near-future instruments (Roman Space Telescope, DESI, Euclid, JWST, LISA), including: directional variation in Hubble constant (10-15% amplitude), detection of 10-100 IMBH microlensing events per year, cylindrical symmetry in 3D galaxy distribution, and high metallicity (Z > 0. 1 Z☉) in z > 10 galaxies. The model provides a complete cosmological framework using only known physics (general relativity, black holes, conservation laws) without invoking undetected particles or fields, offering a testable alternative to the standard paradigm that has consumed 23+ billion in searches yielding zero confirmations. As an independent researcher, I welcome collaboration with members of the scientific community who find value in this work. Researchers registered as arXiv endorsers in Geophysics (physics. geo-ph), Astrophysics (astro-ph. EP), or related fields who are willing to support submission of this paper to arXiv are invited to contactthe author at founder@humansp. org. https: //orcid. org/0009-0006-1089-9023 Analogy with the Simulation of Droplet Collision: Intuitive Explanation of Radial VelocityTo understand why more distant galaxies recede at higher speeds, let's consider the simulation of two liquid droplets colliding at high speed. This fluid dynamics experiment provides the best visual analogy for our model: When two droplets collide head-on: 1. At the impact center: The material is compressed, generating a shock wave. 2. Radial expansion: The material is ejected outward in all directions. 3. Velocity gradient: Particles farther from the center travel faster than those closer to the center. 4. Toroidal structure: A characteristic ring/donut-shaped pattern is formed. Why do the outer particles move faster? Due to conservation of energy and momentum: • The material at the outer edge received the full initial momentum of the collision. • It has not experienced as many dissipative interactions. • It continues its ballistic trajectory with a velocity close to the initial velocity. While the material near the center: • Has undergone multiple collisions and scattering events. • Has dissipated kinetic energy in the form of heat and radiation. • Moves more slowly. Direct Cosmological Connection: This dynamic naturally explains Hubble's observation (v = H₀ × d): • Nearby galaxies (near the collision center): low velocities (~100-500 km/s) • Intermediate galaxies (z ~ 1-2): moderate velocities (~100, 000 km/s) • Distant galaxies (z > 6): ultra-high velocities (>0. 95c) We do NOT need to invoke: • Expansion of space itself• Dark energy• Cosmic inflationWe only need: Classical collision physics + 13. 8 billion years of ballistic propagation. My theory published in 2011: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=d2J84W0PVvg Suplemento to: Deep Impacts of Asteroids or Comets with Metallic Cores that Penetrate the Earth: https: //doi. org/10. 5281/zenodo. 18204600 https: //orcid. org/0009-0006-1089-9023. Contact: founder@humansp. org Part of the Proyecto A. D. A. (Architecture of Survival) series - Preprint 20. A chapter of: Survival Architecture: https: //play. google. com/store/books/details? id=epWgEQAAQBAJ Arquitectura de la supervivencia: https: //play. google. com/store/books/details/AlejandroD%C3%ADazAldanaArquitecturadeₗaSupervive? id=DpCgEQAAQBAJ

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