What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to analyze Romania’s power system structure and the effectiveness of the Carbon Power Flow method in evaluating CO₂ emissions.

June 18, 2026

Carbon power flow and Romania’s energy transition: Challenges and opportunities

Key Points

The aim is to analyze Romania’s power system structure and the effectiveness of the Carbon Power Flow method in evaluating CO₂ emissions.
Analyzed national-level data and conducted a regional case study.
Evaluated the impact of fossil-based generation and network constraints on carbon emissions.
Assessed operational distribution of CO₂ emissions through the Carbon Power Flow method.
Identified significant operational challenges in power flows due to the integration of renewable energy.
Highlighted that fossil-based generation and network constraints significantly shape the carbon footprint of electricity consumption.
Provided insights into improving dispatch strategies to mitigate carbon emissions.

Abstract

In recent years, Romania has experienced a significant increase in the share of renewable energy sources in electricity generation, driven by European climate policies and national decarbonization targets. However, the integration of variable renewable energy sources introduces operational challenges related to power flows, network congestion, and carbon emission allocation. This paper analyzes the current structure of the Romanian power system and evaluates the applicability of the Carbon Power Flow (CPF) method for assessing the spatial and operational distribution of CO₂ emissions. Using national-level data and a regional case study, the study highlights the role of fossil-based generation, network constraints, and dispatch strategies in shaping the carbon footprint of electricity consumption.

Carbon power flow and Romania’s energy transition: Challenges and opportunities

Key Points

Abstract

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