This study examines contemporary challenges and pedagogical approaches to developing students’ spiritual and moral activity in higher education institutions of Uzbekistan. The research employed a qualitative design based on theoretical analysis, comparative analysis, content analysis, and a systemic approach, supplemented by an empirical survey of undergraduate students using a structured questionnaire covering spiritual values, moral responsibility, civic engagement, social participation, and digital ethics. The findings show that spiritual and moral activity is a multidimensional construct comprising cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components. Students demonstrated high levels of spiritual values, moral responsibility, and digital ethics, while civic engagement and social participation remained at a sufficient but less developed level. The study concludes that effective moral education requires coordinated interaction among universities, families, communities, civil society organizations, and state institutions. Value-oriented curricula, mentoring, service-learning, volunteering, student self-government, and community engagement are identified as practically relevant mechanisms for strengthening moral responsibility and civic consciousness.
Shakhnoza Batiraliyeva (Tue,) studied this question.