Urban areas are increasingly exposed to pressures from rapid urbanization, climate change, and natural hazards, making urban resilience essential for sustainable development. In Vietnam, rapid urban expansion has been accompanied by intensified climate-related disasters, posing significant challenges to urban environments and livelihoods of their inhabitants. As one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change, Vietnam has implemented various policies and programs to promote sustainable urban development and climate change adaptation. Resilience-based approaches are widely used to assess the impacts of climate change. In Vietnam, several frameworks have been developed with international support; however, their applicability to domestic urban planning is limited. This study aims to (i) review and evaluate existing urban resilience indicators at national and the international levels, (ii) assess climate change impacts across regions in Vietnam using data from the Urban Development Agency (UDA) and local authorities, and (iii) propose a set of resilience indicators tailored to the specific conditions of Vietnamese cities. The results contribute to enhancing the urban capacity to respond to climate change and natural hazards, thereby supporting more resilient and sustainable urban development in Vietnam.
Hoa Quynh Ta (Mon,) studied this question.