Examining a central mechanism whereby undernutrition inhibits GnRH secretion via KNDy neurons

The negative impact of undernutrition on reproduction is evident in animal agriculture and human health, but our understanding of the central mechanism that links energy balance and reproduction is far from complete. Given that undernutrition impairs reproduction through the suppression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, this review will summarize three main aspects of KNDy neurons as they relate to undernutrition. First, the current understanding of KNDy neurons as the GnRH pulse generator will be considered. Second, various models of undernutrition used to examine the neuropeptides within KNDy neurons (kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin) will be discussed. Finally, evidence supporting a role for melanocortin signaling and central inflammation in controlling reproduction during undernutrition will be considered.