We derive the resolution of black hole singularities and the absence of absolute vacuum directly from the UD field equations. Inside the black hole, the expansive field Dᵤ resists gravitational compression; the minimum scale to which the D attribute can compress the U attribute is the singularity rejection boundary r₌₈₍ = /m₀. Approaching this boundary triggers a tachyonic instability, whose back-reaction generates a repulsive vacuum polarization that halts further collapse. This mechanism extends to rotating black holes through isotropization by Dᵤ fluctuations. Black hole evaporation follows from the non-vanishing Dᵤ energy-momentum tensor and stabilizes as the physical radius approaches r₌₈₍. The information content of the black hole is encoded in the phase correlations of the confined Dᵤ field, which are transferred to the outgoing Ud radiation through the fundamental -coupling, realizing information conservation as the conversion between spatial and material existence forms. The Bekenstein–Hawking entropy is derived from the ratio (Uᵤ+Ud) / (Dd+Dᵤ), which quantifies the conversion between existence forms: the entropy of a black hole is identified with the integrated value of this ratio over the horizon, giving the area law. The entropy is counted on the horizon because the interior field configuration is uniquely determined by its horizon boundary values through the elliptic radial equation, so the independent degrees of freedom are completely characterized by their horizon projection. In the exterior, the spatial condensate Ud induces a metric correction linked to the effective Newton constant, providing a testable prediction for the photon sphere radius. The U D duality proves that absolute vacuum cannot exist. The cosmological constant problem is resolved by identifying the zero-point energy of Dᵤ with the Casimir effect and the dark energy density with Uᵤ. All derivations are self-contained.
Dan Zhu (Thu,) studied this question.