Electric vehicle (EV) uptake in Indonesia remains markedly below policy benchmarks. This study applies the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology version 3 (UTAUT3), an extension of UTAUT2 that incorporates personal innovativeness as an additional construct to examine its impact on both behavioral intention and actual EV adoption within the Indonesian context. Unlike studies that typically survey the general public, this study focuses on actual EV users and owners, providing more representative and responsive insights into real-world EV usage. A total of 208 respondents participated, with 135 from the Jabodetabek area and 73 from Surabaya. The UTAUT3 framework explains 60.7% of the variance in behavioral intention and 62.5% in actual EV adoption in Indonesia. The results indicate that facilitating conditions, habit, personal innovativeness, and behavioral intention, significantly influence EV use behavior. Behavioral intention is positively influenced by hedonic motivation, price value, performance expectancy, and personal innovativeness, while social influence exerts a significant negative effect. Although facilitating conditions and habit do not significantly affect intention, they directly impact adoption behavior. These findings provide strategic implications for industry actors and policymakers aiming to accelerate EV adoption in the Indonesian market.
Irawatia et al. (Thu,) studied this question.