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This work aims to synthesize and evaluate the biological properties of new pyrazolo[3,4-d]tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. It focuses on anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of these compounds.

June 26, 2026Open Access

Green synthesis, one-pot reaction, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies of new pyrazolo3,4-dtetrazolo1,5-apyrimidine derivatives

Key Points

This work aims to synthesize and evaluate the biological properties of new pyrazolo[3,4-d]tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. It focuses on anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of these compounds.
One-pot three-component reaction was used to synthesize derivatives from 5-aminotetrazole, aromatic aldehydes, and 3-methyl-5-pyrazolone.
Anticancer properties assessed with in vitro MTT method against various cell lines, including MDA-MB-231 and HCT-116.
Molecular docking studies were performed on synthesized compounds to explore biological activities.
Compound 4c exhibited the most potent antitumor activity with an IC50 of 6.8 µM against MDA-MB-231 and 4.9 µM against HCT-116 cells.
Compounds 4c, 4a, 4d, and 4f demonstrated significant antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Compound 4f showed the strongest antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 26.9 ± 1.5 µg/mL.

Abstract

The work represents a synthesized strategy for a range of novel pyrazolotriazole pyrimidine derivatives using a one-pot, three-component reaction involving 5-aminotetrazole, aromatic aldehydes, and 3-methyl-5-pyrazolone. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopies. Their anticancer properties were assessed against various cell lines using the in vitro MTT method. Among the tested compounds, 4c demonstrated the most potent antitumor activity. Compound 4c showed an IC 50 value of 6.8 µM against MDA-MB-231 cells, while 4c exhibited an IC 50 value of 4.9 µM against HCT-116 cells. These results were compared to the performance of Vinblastine used as a reference compound. Antimicrobial assays were conducted on all the newly prepared compounds against selected (bacterial & fungal) strains. The results revealed that compounds ( 4c , 4a , 4d , and 4f) demonstrated the most potent antibacterial and antifungal properties among the studied series. Moreover, antioxidant activity was studied using the DPPH assay, and the hydroxyl-substituted derivative 4f showed the strongest free radical scavenging ability (IC 50 = 26.9 ± 1.5 µg/mL), which is attributed to the presence of hydroxyl groups that are known to stabilize radicals through hydrogen donation. Furthermore, the correlation between the compounds’ structures as well as their biological activities was investigated for a better understanding of their mechanisms of action. This work studied a molecular docking evaluation of newly synthesized compounds ( 4c and 4f) , aiming to explore their biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer influences.

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