In the current study, we examined perceptions and features of positive police-youth encounters, both enforcement and non-enforcement in nature, between Black young people and sworn police personnel from a single large US metropolitan city. Data were collected from young people during individual interviews ( N = 35) and from sworn police personnel within focus group discussions ( N = 10 focus group discussions, 50 total personnel). We used an inductive approach to code qualitative data. Three subthemes emerged for positive non-enforcement interactions: (a) extracurricular interactions, (b) police assistance, and (c) other positive examples. Three subthemes also emerged for positive enforcement encounters: (a) respect and transparency, (b) limiting harmful police-youth encounters, and (c) policing skills to promote procedural justice. Both groups appreciated experiences reflecting procedural justice. Findings point toward the promise of a shared vision between Black young people and police that will require dedication and effort to achieve. Ultimately, this study suggests that harmful outcomes are not inevitable but instead reflect differences in police mindset and approach. Our findings also underscore the need for greater investment of existing policing resources into community-oriented and restorative policing efforts, as well as increased funding to support the communities in which they work.
Fix et al. (Tue,) studied this question.