Abstract Background Pediatric neuro-oncology (PNO), which encompasses the diagnosis and treatment of brain and spinal cord tumors in children, represents a critical but underserved area of pediatric cancer care, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, there is a significant gap between the burden of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors and the availability of diagnostic and therapeutic services. Objective To assess the current state of pediatric neuro-oncology care, barriers, institutional capacity needs, and opportunities for international collaboration to guide the development of a strategic road-map for advancing PNO care in Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among 160 health professionals working on pediatric cancer related care with response rate of 76.2% (160/210) using purposive sampling technique from July 20 - 31, 2025. Data was collected using a structured and anonymous self-administered online questionnaire prepared using google format and disseminated to participants via email. The prepared questionnaire included demographic and professional background, current capacity and challenges in PNO care in Ethiopia, perceived institutional capacity-building needs, opportunities for international collaboration. Results Among health professionals who participated in this study, 122 (76.3%) were males and 76.3% were aged between 30 and 45 years. The survey revealed widespread systemic challenges across institutions; with the majority of respondents reporting substantial gaps in essential infrastructure and services. 42.5% reported that fewer than 25 PNO cases were diagnosed and treated annually in their hospitals. The study revealed shortage of molecular diagnostis (85.0%), unavailability of immunohistochemistry services (75.0%), and 57.5% reported the absence of a PNO training program. Radiotherapy services were not widely accessible. Conclusion There was strong interest in participating in a coordinated national initiative to harmonize and advance PNO care, and establishing a dedicated PNO tumor board at the institutional and national level in Ethiopia.
Mamude et al. (Tue,) studied this question.