OBJECTIVE: Food and alcohol disturbance (FAD; caloric restriction before or during drinking alcohol to enhance alcohol's effects FAD-intoxication and/or to compensate for calories from alcohol FAD-calories) is common and poses concerns for public health. However, little is known regarding day-level risk factors of FAD. To address this gap, we applied the prototype willingness model to examine which cognitions (i.e., perceived vulnerability, social norms, attitudes, prototypes, intentions, and willingness) predict FAD at the within- and between-person levels. METHOD: = 72) who reported weekly alcohol use and past-month FAD engagement. Participants identified primarily as female (73.8%), White non-Hispanic (51.4%), with a mean age of 19.64 (SD = 1.35). Participants completed a baseline survey as well as two daily surveys for 5 weeks. RESULTS: At the within-person level, intentions and willingness predicted FAD-intoxication and FAD-calories. Further, willingness mediated the association between descriptive norms and prototype similarity with daily FAD-calories engagement. At the between-person level, attitudes as well as prototype similarity, positively associated with FAD-intoxication and FAD-calories. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this study represents one of the most comprehensive multilevel examinations of risk factors for FAD to date, with implications for theory development and intervention efforts aimed at reducing FAD engagement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
Herchenroeder et al. (Mon,) studied this question.