The article examines the enhancement of automatic fire alarm efficiency by incorporating it into the loop of integrated security systems and transitioning from autonomous detection to context-conditioned incident management amid the complications of urban development and the proliferation of smart building concepts. It is shown that the critical limitations of isolated automatic fire alarm systems are informational fragmentation and a high rate of false alarms, which exacerbate time losses in verification and the risk of erroneous personnel actions. Architectures of interaction (relay-based, upper-level software, and hybrid) are analyzed from the perspectives of reliability, survivability, informativeness, and scalability, with emphasis on the importance of preserving local functionality during network and server failures. Scenarios of integration with access control systems are detailed, including conflicts between security and evacuation modes, as well as the potential for zonal people flow management and accounting for evacuees. The role of video surveillance and video analytics as mechanisms for cross-verification and two-stage alarming under constraints of lighting and visibility is substantiated. Issues of interoperability, protocol selection, and vendor lock-in risks, as well as cyber resilience of the unified infrastructure, are discussed separately; integration is treated as a source of emergent properties that reduce damage and enhance the validity of decisions.
Ponomarenko et al. (Mon,) studied this question.