ABSTRACT This review critically examines recent progress in the synthesis of chalcones and their derivatives, with emphasis on catalytic strategies and the adoption of sustainable and green chemistry approaches. Chalcones, featuring a reactive α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl scaffold, serve as important intermediates and bioactive frameworks in medicinal chemistry. Conventional methods such as Claisen–Schmidt condensation are compared with modern protocols employing heterogeneous catalysts, nanocatalysts, solvent‐free conditions, and alternative activation techniques. Key advances are evaluated in terms of efficiency, substrate scope, and environmental impact. Structure–activity relationships are discussed to highlight how synthetic modifications influence biological performance and functional applications. This chemistry‐focused overview aims to assist researchers in selecting and optimizing chalcone synthetic routes that combine efficiency, sustainability, and practical relevance for pharmaceutical and biomedical research.
Kothari et al. (2026) studied this question.