Cardiac organoids provide high-fidelity 3D models for cardiovascular disease research, outperforming 2D cultures in drug toxicity assessment and enabling AI-driven multidimensional monitoring.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a major global public health burden. Traditional research models struggle to meet the demands of elucidating disease mechanisms and advancing drug development due to limitations such as species differences. Cardiac organoids, with their high physiological fidelity, have emerged as alternative models. Cardiac organoids demonstrate unique value in modeling various diseases such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, and cardiomyopathy, and are widely applied in drug toxicity assessment and regenerative medicine research. The integration of artificial intelligence technology with cardiac organoids has enabled intelligent upgrades in organoid construction optimization and multidimensional monitoring analysis, significantly enhancing research efficiency and precision. This review summarizes the application progress of cardiac organoids in CVD research, outlining their developmental prospects in precision medicine and drug discovery. High-Fidelity Disease Modeling: cardiac organoids bridge animal models and human clinical states by recapitulating 3D architecture and physiology of diverse cardiovascular diseases. Superior Drug Toxicity Assessment: 3D cardiac organoids outperform 2D cultures in functional drug toxicity sensitivity/predictability, enabling scalable human-specific high-throughput safety screening. AI-Enabled Multidimensional Monitoring: AI (deep learning, cGANs) enables non-invasive, label-free, high-throughput quantitative analysis of organoid morphology, contractility and inflammation. High-Fidelity Disease Modeling: cardiac organoids bridge animal models and human clinical states by recapitulating 3D architecture and physiology of diverse cardiovascular diseases. Superior Drug Toxicity Assessment: 3D cardiac organoids outperform 2D cultures in functional drug toxicity sensitivity/predictability, enabling scalable human-specific high-throughput safety screening. AI-Enabled Multidimensional Monitoring: AI (deep learning, cGANs) enables non-invasive, label-free, high-throughput quantitative analysis of organoid morphology, contractility and inflammation.
Jiao et al. (Wed,) conducted a review in Cardiovascular disease. Cardiac organoids vs. 2D cultures was evaluated. Cardiac organoids provide high-fidelity 3D models for cardiovascular disease research, outperforming 2D cultures in drug toxicity assessment and enabling AI-driven multidimensional monitoring.