With the rapid development of cross-border collaboration, intelligent port construction, and international logistics networks, large volumes of multisource heterogeneous data are continuously generated during cross-border circulation. To address the limitations of traditional financial review and compliance auditing methods in characterizing multisource signal coupling, as well as the tendency of conventional deep models to rely on spurious correlated features with insufficient interpretability, a multisource sensing signal fusion and causally explainable risk identification framework is proposed for cross-border trade anomaly detection. In this framework, electronic trade texts, structured financial declaration fields, GPS/AIS trajectories, port weighing records, RFID data, electronic seal status, X-ray inspection images, cold-chain temperature and humidity records, and vibration data are uniformly modeled as multisource sensing signals in cross-border trade and circulation processes. Subsequently, collaborative representation among textual semantics, attribute fields, logistics status, device records, and entity relationships is achieved through a cross-modal alignment mechanism. On this basis, an engineering-constraint-guided causal risk representation module is designed to reduce the interference of spurious correlated factors, such as regions, ports, transportation modes, and textual styles, in model decisions. Meanwhile, a counterfactual anomaly response module is introduced to analyze the influence of key variable changes on risk outputs, thereby enhancing the model’s ability to identify and explain true anomaly-driving factors. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the best overall performance in the cross-border trade anomaly detection task, with Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-score, AUC, and PR-AUC reaching 0.927, 0.842, 0.811, 0.826, 0.958, and 0.817, respectively, clearly outperforming baseline models including Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XGBoost, BERT, BERT+MLP, and Multimodal Transformer. In cross-time, cross-region, cross-port, and cross-entity testing scenarios, high F1-score and AUC values are still maintained. Under complex conditions such as text noise, missing modalities, logistics trajectory perturbations, and missing sensing records, only limited performance degradation is observed. Ablation experiments further verify the effective contributions of cross-modal attention, contrastive alignment, causal financial debiasing, counterfactual response, and engineering constraints to performance improvement.
Yin et al. (Wed,) studied this question.