Abstract: String theory, as the most promising candidate for quantum gravity, has long been regarded as a "mathematical miracle" whose core structures — relativistic strings, worldsheet actions, critical dimensions, dualities — lack physical origins. Based on Space Ontology, we demonstrate that string theory is the effective field theory of the Planck vortex micro-element model at extremely high energy scales (E ∼ MGUT ∼ 10¹⁶ GeV). Starting from the two fundamental instincts of micro-elements — "alignment" (J-term) and "chirality" (K-term) — we rigorously derive the emergence of strings, the Nambu-Goto action, the analytical relations between string parameters (α′, gₛ, θ) and the single free parameter κ = 0. 017, as well as the statistical mechanical origins of T-duality and S-duality. We further prove that the critical dimensions of string theory (D = 26 or D = 10) are self-consistent results of renormalisation group running and dimension freezing of the micro-element system, rather than a priori postulates. We propose five testable new predictions, including dimension running, coupling running, membrane-string phase transition, dimension deconfinement, and high-frequency cutoff of primordial gravitational waves. This work achieves a complete physical demystification of the "miracles" of string theory — the string is not a fundamental entity, but a one-dimensional topologically ordered structure self-organised by spatial micro-elements in an extreme energy storm. This paper is part of the second series (Applications and Verifications) of Space Ontology, building upon the foundational framework established in the first series (17 papers total).
Y L Qiu (Wed,) studied this question.