Hydrogen is rapidly being viewed as a key energy medium in the global energy shift to a low-carbon and sustainable energy system. The increasing use of renewable sources of energy requires efficient energy storage policies, clean fuels and effective grid stabilization policies, which can be effectively supported with hydrogen. The article presents the current research on the production, storage, and use of hydrogen and specifically green hydrogen produced by electrolysis using renewable energy. It also discusses the implementation of hydrogen fuel cells in transportation and decentralized power production, with the potential of having a substantive reduction of greenhouse emissions. Hydrogen as an alternative to fossil fuel in hard-to-abate industries, including steel, cement and chemical production, is also critically evaluated. Besides, the paper also highlights the integration of hydrogen to power grids to store renewable energy on a large scale and balance the grid. With economic, infrastructural and scalability issues, even with the significant advancement in technology, there is still a lot to be desired in the way of widespread adoption. These hurdles are considered together with investment, policy, and technological directions that can help speeding up the implementation of hydrogen. In general, hydrogen is defined as a pillar of clean energy in the future, and its potential opportunities to contribute to the deep decarbonization of various industries are high.
Sakhare et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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