This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of bariatric surgery on serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in women, highlighting potential implications for ovarian reserve and fertility management. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases up to February 2025. The included studies were observational in design (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) and provided quantitative pre- and post-operative AMH data. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and data were analyzed using a random-effects meta-analysis. A total of 14 studies were included in the systematic review, with 591 participants contributing to the quantitative meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that bariatric surgery did not significantly alter AMH levels overall (WMD = 0.05 ng/mL; 95% CI: −0.66, 0.75; p = 0.897), with substantial heterogeneity among effect estimates (I² = 93.9%, p 3 ng/mL, upper age limit ≤ 35 years, longer follow-up, retrospective design, smaller sample size, and South Asian populations, while a significant increase was observed in the fertile subgroup. Bariatric surgery was not associated with a significant overall change in serum AMH levels. Findings suggest variable AMH responses across clinical and methodological contexts; however, given substantial heterogeneity and limited reproductive outcome data, these changes should be interpreted as dynamic endocrine biomarker responses rather than direct evidence of altered ovarian reserve or fertility potential. Not applicable.
Sharifi et al. (Sat,) studied this question.
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