The present work investigates the combined influence of mechanical abrasion, silane wet deposition, and amine-functionalized TiO2 nanoparticle incorporation on the interfacial strength of stainless steel/epoxy lap joints. 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES, 98% purity) was utilized both for surface modification of stainless-steel substrates and silanization of TiO2 nanoparticles. Substrate abrasion improved adhesive wettability, as confirmed by contact angle analysis, with the lowest contact angle observed for 600-grit emery paper. FTIR and TGA analyses verified the successful attachment of amine groups on silanized TiO2 and their thermal stability. Dispersion behavior was further evaluated in toluene. Silanized TiO2 was incorporated into epoxy adhesive at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt.% loadings. Mechanical testing revealed that 0.5 wt.% TiO2 yielded the maximum improvement, enhancing lap shear strength (LSS) by ∼185% relative to untreated samples. Peel strength reached a maximum of 6.4 N/mm in abraded and silane-treated substrates containing 0.5 wt.% TiO2, reflecting ∼97% enhancement. Overall, the synergistic combination of surface treatments and nanoparticle reinforcement proved highly effective in improving adhesive bonding performance.
Khan et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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