European rail transport plays a key role in achieving sustainable mobility, particularly in meeting climate goals and decarbonizing the transport sector. However, the quality, reliability, and accessibility of rail services vary significantly across countries and operators. This research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the performance of Central European rail companies, identify best practices, and support decision-making at the transport policy and regulatory levels. To this end, a comparison was conducted of workforce indicators and economic indicators related to human resource management for railway infrastructure operators and passenger transport companies of relevant size and scope, as well as for companies providing local and intercity bus passenger transport services. The study involved a multidimensional comparison based on publicly available statistical data and performance indicators. The indicators examined included, among others, the ratio of employees to relevant technological and physical indicators, an analysis of wage costs and personnel-related expenses, and the ratio of these costs to various relevant asset values, operating costs, and technological indicators. Through a comparative analysis, this study examines the varying patterns of financial and operational development among Central European railway companies and the strategic differences underlying them. The results demonstrate that the key to sustainable railway operations lies not solely in the volume of investment but also in its effective utilization to increase revenue and efficiency.
Adrienn Boldizsár (Wed,) studied this question.
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