This study proposes an alternative paradigm that departs from the conventional view of cosmic expansion as a mere recession velocity ratio dependent on spatial distance, and instead inversely defines the scales of time and space based on the quantity of cosmic expansion itself. While the Hubble constant (H₀) in standard cosmology measures expansion against independent baselines of time and length, the proposed model couples the cosmic expansion mechanism with the flow of time to derive the cosmic expansion rate (Hₖ), a dimensionless, spacetime-invariant coefficient. Since the time-flow scale and spatial scale are geometrically constrained by the principle of the constancy of the speed of light (S = c T), any scale variation in the effective cosmic expansion experienced by the system during the stage of coordinate definition is symmetrically reflected in the time-flow and spatial scales, respectively, through a square-root physical causal relationship (). In this process, the constancy of Hₖ, a governing parameter of the system, is maintained not as an artificial assumption but as a natural consequence of the deformation of spacetime scales. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that through this mechanism, the formulas for time dilation (contraction of the infinitesimal time-flow scale) and length contraction (contraction of the infinitesimal spatial scale) in special relativity can be derived within the geometric coupling relationships of cosmic components, thereby exploring the possibility of harmonious integration with the fundamental principles of modern physics.
Sun-gyu Kim (Wed,) studied this question.