Portable Multispectral Optoelectronic System for Thyroid Cancer Detection

This study reports the development of a portable multispectral optoelectronic system for automated thyroid cancer detection in immunohistochemically stained histological slides. The platform integrates a 14-band AS7343 multispectral sensor, a dual-fiber optical setup operating in transreflectance geometry, and a two-dimensional scanning subsystem for spatially resolved acquisition. Data acquisition and management were implemented on a Raspberry Pi using Python, Flask, React, Redis, and SocketIO for control, visualization, and real-time updates. A standardized Dark–White–Sample protocol was adopted for baseline correction and the generation of multispectral cubes organized by spatial position and spectral band. The dataset comprised 29 patients, 84 FFPE biomarker-stained histological sections, and 66,510 original point-by-point multispectral measurements. Spectral patterns associated with malignant and non-malignant thyroid samples were analyzed using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Support Vector Machine with radial basis function kernel (SVM-RBF), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). All metrics were evaluated on an independent slide-level test set. LDA achieved 86.8% sensitivity, 95.9% specificity, and 91.0% accuracy. SVM-RBF and MLP achieved accuracies of 90.8% and 90.4%, respectively. Macro-averaged AUC-ROC values were 0.836, 0.865, and 0.761, respectively. These findings support the system as a portable proof-of-concept platform for computer-aided thyroid pathology.