Abstract The Himalayan region, is highly vulnerable to hazards such as flash floods and landslides. These risks are intensified by active tectonics, unfavorable geomorphological conditions, deforestation, unregulated development, and increasing anthropogenic pressure. This study examines the Pranmati Watershed in Chamoli district, Uttarakhand, to understand the hydrological and terrain factors influencing instabilities using geological analysis, GIS-based mapping, and socio-economic surveys. The watershed is dominated by steep slopes that are prone to erosion and instability, particularly on south-facing slopes where higher solar exposure accelerates weathering and mass movement. The drainage network, comprising 326 streams, further influences slope dynamics through riverbank erosion. Geomorphic indices (SPI, STI, TWI, and TRI) highlight areas susceptible to erosion and sediment transport, while hypsometric analysis indicates a mature stage of landscape development. Socio-economic surveys indicate low levels of disaster awareness despite frequent hazard impacts. The study highlights the need for improved disaster preparedness and sustainable management strategies to reduce future risks in the region. Clinic Trial: Not applicable.
Sati et al. (Mon,) studied this question.