This study aimed to comprehensively elucidate the strength mechanisms of the round-end mortise-and-tenon (M-T) joint across macro- and micro-scales. The strain distribution, porosity, and stress distribution of M-T joints fabricated with different fits were evaluated using digital image correlation (DIC), computed tomography (CT), and numerical methods, including finite element method (FEM) and mesh-free method (MFM). DIC results indicated that strains of M-T joints increased with increasing fit, and the strain profile along the middle line of the tenon was characterized. CT results showed that the porosity of the M-T joint decreases from 33.63% to 30.8% as the fit increases from 0 to 0.606 mm. However, no significant difference was observed between M-T joints constructed with fits of 0.415 and 0.606 mm. The load-displacement curve indicated that the beech wood M-T joint yielded when the fit reached 0.415 mm. The stress and strain distributions simulated by FEM corroborated the experimental results, showing that the maximum stress concentrated on the contact surfaces between the mortise and tenon. Moreover, the micro MFM model indicates that maximum stress and strain primarily concentrate on the boundaries of earlywood and latewood, where large vessels and fibers in earlywood deform more than those of latewood.
Hu et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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