Abstract This paper presents a uniform compositional semantic analysis of the various readings of particle QAD in Standard Arabic (SA) as an aspectual and modal expression. The paper shows that a scale-based analysis that makes use of different types of an abstract scale along with working assumptions from scalar semantics and the standard Kratzerian theory of graded modality offers a unified account for the aspectual and epistemic modality readings of particle QAD as conditioned by the syntax.
Abdel-Rahman Abu Helal (Tue,) studied this question.
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