Recent years have seen growing emphasis on “Open Science,” a movement to enhance research transparency, robustness, and accountability. Prompted by concerns over fraud, questionable research practices, and low reproducibility in psychological research that emerged in the 2010s, Open Science has been framed by some dominant advocates as a new approach to research in psychology and across the social sciences. However, women in social science have long practiced and promoted principles now hailed as innovative, although their contributions are often left out of mainstream narratives. This erasure is troubling, especially as feminist scholars have critiqued the increasingly exclusionary culture of mainstream science reform. This article traces the overlooked contributions of five pioneering women: Mary Whiton Calkins and her replication efforts in the 1890s; Helen Bradford Thompson Woolley, who advocated for analytical precision in the 1910s; Alice Bryan’s 1940s adversarial collaboration; Carolyn Wood Sherif’s metascientific work in the 1960s; and Leonore Tiefer’s promotion of conflict-of-interest declarations of sex research in the 2000s. I document how their contributions laid the intellectual foundations of what is now contemporary Open Science in the social sciences. In doing so, I celebrate a lineage of feminist scientific labor that has always emphasized openness, ethics, and equity.
Madeleine Pownall (Wed,) studied this question.
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