This study presents a systematic engineering analysis of Folio 23v of the Voynich Manuscript, treating its text not as a natural language or cipher, but as a functional Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) written in an agglutinative morphological code: Prefix: Control Action + Root: Material/State + Suffix: Modifier/Timer. Applying the morphological matrix developed in the author's previous work, the text of Folio 23v was decoded into a coherent sequence of thermodynamic and chemical operations. The manuscript's botanical illustration is reinterpreted as a "constructor-plant"—an engineering diagram assembled from parts of different plants, where the root, stem, leaf, and flower each encode specific ingredients or process stages. This study continues the systemic engineering analysis of the Voynich Manuscript as a 15th‑century Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). The author's previous work, currently under peer review, established that the text is a functional agglutinative code based on a Prefix‑Root‑Suffix morphology. The botanical illustrations, likewise, are not naturalistic but composite "constructor‑plants" encoding ingredients and process stages. The present paper applies this model to Folio 23v, providing a full morphological decoding, historical verification, and technological reconstruction. After decoding several folios (2v, 25r, 27r — spagyric extraction; 57v — salting out soap; 70v, 71r, 73r — acid distillation; 73v, 78r, 94r), I tackled the botanical Folio 23v. For those reading my work for the first time, you can familiarize yourself with all the data, the dictionary, methodology, research, and proofs on my page and via the links to the articles on Zenodo.
Artem Tishin (2026) studied this question.