Toward an Inclusive Theology

In Christian theological frameworks, disability is often linked to moral failings or divine retribution (Eiesland; Betcher). Some Islamic interpretations associate it with punishment, misfortune, or calamity (Al-Aoufi et al.; Miles). The article examines how nine disabled Arab American Muslims navigate and reinterpret Islamic theological perspectives on disability. By blending theological and personal narratives, the research shows how classical texts shape self-understanding and belonging and how participants challenge views linking disability to religious shortcomings.