Evaluation of Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles in Bacterial Isolates From Urinary Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent prevalent bacterial infections globally, with a higher incidence observed in females and individuals with compromised immune systems. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among uropathogens complicates treatment protocols and underscores the necessity for continuous monitoring of bacterial species and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, 200 individuals exhibiting UTI symptoms were included. Urine samples were collected midstream, cultured, and analysed to detect bacterial growth. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, in accordance with CLSI recommendations, was used to assess the antibiotic susceptibility of isolated microorganisms. We used IBM SPSS Version 25.0 for our statistical study. Results: There was a high concentration of positive in 25 out of 200 urine samples (12.5%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, and Escherichia coli accounted for the next most prevalent isolates, with 56% of the total. The high sensitivities were obtained with nitrofurantoin (92%), ceftriaxone (88%), ciprofloxacin (88%), and gentamicin (84%). The reason for worry is that 76% of culture-positive isolates were multi-drug resistant, with the highest MDRs reported for Proteus mirabilis and E. coli. Conclusion: The study reveals a significant occurrence of multidrug-resistant uropathogens, with E. coli being particularly prominent, complicating empirical treatment of UTIs. While antibiotics like nitrofurantoin and ceftriaxone remain effective, the rising resistance rates highlight the importance of routine culture-based diagnostics. Additionally employing local antibiograms and antibiotic stewardship programs is crucial for ensuring appropriate therapeutic measures.