Foot and ankle injuries are among the most common musculoskeletal conditions encountered in both athletic and general populations, accounting for a substantial proportion of emergency and sports medicine visits. These injuries encompass a wide spectrum, from acute ligamentous sprains to more subtle and frequently misdiagnosed conditions such as Lisfranc ligament injuries, tarsal coalitions, and posterior tibial tendon dislocations. The complex anatomy and biomechanics of the foot and ankle, combined with the high functional demands placed upon them during gait and athletic activity, underscore the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. This article reviews the relevant anatomy of the foot and ankle, discusses common and clinically significant injuries, and highlights key aspects of diagnosis, imaging, and treatment. Both nonoperative and operative treatment strategies are addressed, with consideration given to injury severity, stability, and patient-specific factors. Finally, the importance of rehabilitation and injury prevention in reducing recurrence and optimizing long-term outcomes is discussed.
Dennis Rivenburgh (2026) studied this question.