Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
Why is the Universe so large and old, while having a density today close to the critical density required to close it, and appearing hom ogeneous and isotropic on very large scales? T hese puzzles would be solved if the Universe had undergone an early period of exponential inflationary ex pansion, perhaps driven by an effective cosm ological constant appear ing in a field theory of particles.
John Ellis (Tue,) studied this question.