This study analyses the potential of using sunflower husks as an energy source by producing bio-pellets and evaluating their combustion process in residential settings. As one of the leading sunflower producers in the European Union, Bulgaria generates significant agricultural residues with high, yet underutilized, energy potential. This study employs a combination of experimental data and numerical modelling aided by ANSYS 2024 R1 to analyse the combustion of sunflower husk pellets in a hot water boiler. The importance of balanced air distribution for achieving optimal combustion, reduced emissions, and enhanced thermal efficiency is emphasized by the results of a comparison of two air supply regimes. It was found that a secondary air-dominated air supply regime results in a more uniform temperature field and a higher degree of oxidation of combustible components. These findings not only confirm the technical feasibility of sunflower husk pellets but also highlight their commercial potential as a sustainable, low-cost energy solution for agricultural enterprises and rural heating providers. The research indicates that there are business-to-business (B2B) market opportunities for biomass producers, boiler manufacturers, and energy distributors who wish to align themselves with EU green energy policies and the growing demand for solutions that support the circular economy.
Zlateva et al. (Thu,) studied this question.