Nanofluidic memristors are an emerging class of devices that harness ion transport in confined nanoscale environments to achieve tunable resistance states, mimicking biological synaptic functions. The regulation of ion migration, accumulation, and depletion in nanofluidic channels is fundamentally governed by chemical principles, including surface charge modulation, electrostatic interactions, and ion adsorption and desorption processes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the chemical foundations of nanofluidic memristors, including electric double layer theory, ion transport dynamics, and interfacial chemistry. Additionally, this review further explores how interfacial chemical modifications, such as functionalization with charged species, pH-responsive coatings, and ionic selectivity molecules, influence nanofluidic memristive behaviors. Representative case studies are discussed to illustrate the practical implementation of these principles in applications ranging from neuromorphic computing to biosensing and energy storage. By bridging fundamental chemical theories with real-world applications, this review aims to provide insights into the rational design of next-generation nanofluidic memristive devices.
Zhou et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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