The recombinant DNA technology that emerged in the 1970s, the in vitro amplification technology of specific DNA sequences, and the gene cloning technology have become the routine techniques in today's laboratories, greatly promoting the rapid development of modern life sciences and bringing them into the era of modern molecular biology. With the continuous advancement of sequencing technology, driven by the Human Genome Project, the genomic maps of multiple species have been resolved, various omics have emerged, and various bioindustries such as gene chips, bio-cloud computing, and personalized molecular diagnosis have flourished. Furthermore, life science has entered the post-genomic era, and humans have gained a further understanding of various complex life phenomena. Gene editing technology is an engineering technique that can precisely "edit" the target genes of the organism. Recent years, it has developed very rapidly and has impacted all fields of life sciences. It is the most fiercely competitive next-generation core disruptive biotechnology worldwide. At present, gene editing mainly includes four types.This article reviews the development history of this technology and application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the disease treatment, the food industry and agriculture. Meanwhile, it looks forward to the existing problems and challenges.
Rui Fan (2025) studied this question.