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August 25, 2025Open Access

CFD-Based Optimization of the Growth Zone in an Industrial Ammonothermal GaN Autoclave for Uniform Flow and Temperature Fields

Key Points

Uniform flow and temperature fields enhance the growth rates and quality of gallium nitride crystals.
Key findings show that seed crystal arrangement greatly affects turbulent flow and temperature distributions.
The computational fluid dynamics model demonstrated effective optimization of growth zone design through simulations and experiments.
Installation geometry significantly influences flow characteristics, which are critical for successful ammonothermal crystallization.

Abstract

This study presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to investigate fluid flow and heat transfer within the growth zone of gallium nitride crystals synthesized via the alkaline ammonothermal method, with particular emphasis on the influence of seed crystal arrangement and installation geometry. The model analyzes temperature and velocity distributions, highlighting how seed configuration affects turbulent and transitional flow behavior. Key findings demonstrate the effectiveness of CFD in evaluating and optimizing growth zone design. Both simulation and experimental results show that achieving more uniform flow and temperature fields leads to more consistent growth rates and improved structural crystal quality. Furthermore, the study underscores the critical role of installation geometry in shaping flow characteristics such as velocity distribution, temperature gradients, and their transient fluctuations, factors essential for optimizing the ammonothermal crystallization process.

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