October 1, 2023

Antimicrobial resistance patterns of pathogens isolated in patients from a tertiary care hospital in Andhra Pradesh, South India

Key Points

The study found that 83.6% of bacterial isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, indicating alarming resistance patterns.
Among the isolated pathogens, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus were most prevalent, with significant multidrug resistance observed in Acinetobacter spp.
Analysis of clinical samples focused on culture and sensitivity testing over one year from patients in a tertiary care hospital.
High rates of resistance to essential antibiotics call for a need for continuous surveillance and careful use of antimicrobials.

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a great menace to human health worldwide including in India. Hence, the present work is aimed to analyze the resistance/susceptibility pattern of pathogens isolated from clinical samples of patients in Andhra Pradesh, South India. Methods: This study was conducted on clinical samples sent to the microbiology department of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Andhra Pradesh, South India, for 1 year. Information on clinical parameters, types of specimens collected, culture results, and antibiotic sensitivity/resistance patterns were collected manually from the department registration book. Results: Out of 2,253 clinical samples screened for culture and sensitivity, 1,593 (70.7%) showed significant growth of organisms and were resistant to either single or multiple drugs. Most isolates were from urine samples followed by soft tissues, blood, respiratory, and other sources. Escherichia coli , Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Staphylococcus aureus were the common isolates in all clinical samples. Isolated pathogens were found to be more from in-patients. Of 1,593 bacterial isolates, 83.6% of isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Acinetobacter spp. (80.0%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (75.0%) exhibited a high rate of multidrug resistance among gram-negative and gram-positive isolates, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicated that E. coli , Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., and S. aureus were the frequently isolated microorganisms. AMR among these isolates was high for commonly used antibiotics and reserved drugs such as cefepime and carbapenems demanding continuous surveillance and implementation of judicious use of antimicrobial agents. The isolated pathogens showed good susceptibility to linezolid, tigecycline, tobramycin, gentamicin, and colistin antibiotics.

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