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September 10, 2025Open Access

Outbreak of autochthonous West Nile virus infection in Lazio region, Italy, July to August 2025: preliminary investigation

Key Points

The outbreak resulted in 171 confirmed autochthonous cases of West Nile virus infection in Lazio, with nine fatalities.
Among these cases, 57 presented with neuroinvasive syndrome, while 110 had symptomatic WNV fever.
Detection confirmed WNV lineage 2 in neuroinvasive cases, along with infections in horses and crows in the region.
Public health measures were implemented using a One Health approach, highlighting the multi-sectoral strategy needed for outbreak response.

Abstract

In July–18 August 2025, 171 autochthonous cases with West Nile virus (WNV) infection were confirmed in Lazio, Italy: four asymptomatic blood donors, 110 with WNV fever, 57 with neuroinvasive syndrome and nine deaths. WNV lineage 2 was detected in two neuroinvasive cases. Infection with WNV was confirmed in 28 horses, five crows and a Culex pipiens pool. We present the preliminary epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis of the outbreak and the public health measures taken within a One Health approach.

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